Every March, the same headline cycle. Team X has $40M in cap space. Team Y is a player away. Team Z is going to be aggressive this offseason.
None of those numbers are what the team actually has to spend. Before a front office can offer a dollar in free agency, five line items come off the top:
- Rookie pool obligation. Every team with draft picks has a mandatory allocation tied to slot values. For a team picking in the middle of each round, this runs $6-9M against the cap before a single veteran signing.
- Franchise tag tender. If there's a tag already applied, that number is sitting on the books whether the player signs it or not. Reporters often cite 'space' figures that treat the tag as pending rather than committed.
- Minimum salary benefit. Players on minimum contracts get a cap charge of the minimum for their experience year, not their actual salary. The league pays the difference. The calculation still reduces usable space in ways that compound across a full roster.
- 51-man accounting floor. Teams carry the top 51 cap charges during the league year. If your roster is thin, the 51-man number understates eventual commitments. If you're filling out the back end with minimum deals, you're adding charges the headline figure ignored.
- Void year dead-cap carryover. Any accelerated charge from restructures or released players in prior years lands here. Some teams walk into March already down $8-12M before a single new dollar is committed.
Add those up for a mid-cap team. You're looking at $15-20M gone before the first meeting with an agent.
The number that gets announced is not the number the team has.